Womens Health Clinic | Contraception

An IUD is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional. It provides long-lasting contraception by either releasing hormones (hormonal IUD) or using copper (copper IUD) to prevent pregnancy. It can remain in place for 5-10 years, depending on the type. 

The Mirena IUD is a type of hormonal IUD that releases levonorgestrel, a hormone that prevents pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus, thinning the uterine lining, and sometimes stopping ovulation. The copper IUD, on the other hand, is hormone-free and uses copper to create an environment in the uterus that is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilisation. 

A contraceptive implant is a small, flexible rod inserted under the skin of your arm. It releases a steady dose of the hormone progestogen, which prevents pregnancy by stopping ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the uterine lining. Implants are effective for up to 3 years. 

Fitting a contraceptive implant is a quick and relatively simple procedure performed by a trained healthcare professional. The implant, a small flexible rod about the size of a matchstick, is inserted under the skin of your upper arm. Before the procedure, the area where the implant will be placed is cleaned, and a local anaesthetic is injected to numb the skin and surrounding tissue, ensuring minimal discomfort. Using a small needle, the healthcare professional will then insert the implant just beneath the surface of the skin. The procedure typically takes only a few minutes, and you may feel some pressure during the process. Once the implant is in place, it is gently checked to ensure it’s positioned correctly. Afterward, you may experience some swelling or bruising around the area, but this should subside quickly. The implant is effective immediately if inserted during the first five days of your menstrual cycle, or within a week if inserted at any other time. 

Yes, both IUDs and implants are among the most effective forms of contraception, with failure rates of less than 1%. They are both long-acting, reversible methods, meaning once removed, fertility returns quickly. 

Fitting a coil (IUD) is a straightforward procedure typically carried out by a trained healthcare professional in a clinical setting. During the procedure, the doctor or nurse will first perform a brief examination to ensure the IUD is suitable for you. The cervix may be gently numbed with a local anaesthetic to minimise any discomfort. The IUD is then inserted through the cervix into the uterus using a thin, flexible tube. The procedure usually takes just a few minutes and can cause some cramping or discomfort, but this typically passes quickly. After insertion, the healthcare provider will check the position of the coil and trim the strings, which can be felt by you to ensure it remains in place. You’ll be advised to monitor for any signs of complications, such as pain or unusual bleeding, and to follow up as needed. 

Yes, you can have an IUD or implant regardless of whether or not you’ve had children. However, it's important to discuss your individual health needs with your GP, as certain factors, like the type of IUD, may be better suited depending on your medical history. 

The Mirena IUD not only provides highly effective contraception but also helps manage heavy periods, often reducing bleeding and menstrual cramps. It can also be used for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women who are menopausal, helping to relieve symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats. 

Common side effects may include irregular bleeding, mood changes, headaches, or acne. For hormonal IUDs like Mirena, some users may experience a reduction in menstrual bleeding or a complete cessation of periods. Implants can also cause irregular bleeding or changes in menstrual patterns. Side effects vary for each individual, so it's important to consult with a GP to discuss what may be best for you.

Perforation – While extremely rare, there is a small risk of perforation (a hole) occurring in the uterus or cervix, usually during the insertion of the IUD. If perforation happens during insertion, the doctor will remove the IUD immediately and recommend further treatment. If perforation occurs later due to the IUD shifting or moving from its intended position, common symptoms may include: 

• Abdominal pain or discomfort 

• Irregular bleeding 

• Shortened or absent strings 
  If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to consult your doctor for further evaluation. 

Both implants and IUDs are highly effective and convenient, but the right option depends on your personal health, lifestyle, and contraceptive or hormone needs. During a consultation with your GP, you’ll discuss factors like your health history, any current medical conditions, and your preferences to determine the best choice for your needs.